Introduction

CSS

Here are some of the basic grammar of CSS and its tags and usage:

• Selectors: Selectors are used to identify the elements that a rule applies to. There are a number of different types of selectors, such as element selectors, class selectors, and id selectors.

  • Element selectors: Element selectors are the most basic type of selector. They are used to select elements based on their tag name. For example, the selector p selects all p elements (paragraphs).

  • Class selectors: Class selectors are used to select elements based on their class attribute. For example, the selector .my-class selects all elements that have the my-class class attribute.

  • Id selectors: ID selectors are used to select elements based on their id attribute. For example, the selector #my-id selects the element that has the my-id id attribute.

• Properties: Properties are used to specify the style of an element. There are a number of different properties, such as font-size, color, and margin.

  • Property names: Property names are the names of the properties that you want to set. For example, the property name for font size is font-size.

  • Property values: Property values are the values that you want to set for the properties. For example, the value for font size could be 16px or 1em.

• Values: Values are used to set the values of properties. Values can be numbers, strings, or keywords.

  • Numbers: Numbers are used to set numeric properties, such as font-size and margin. For example, the value 16px sets the font size to 16 pixels.

  • Strings: Strings are used to set text properties, such as color and background-color. For example, the value red sets the color to red.

  • Keywords: Keywords are used to set special properties, such as display and float. For example, the keyword block sets the display property to block.

• Comments: Comments are used to add notes to CSS code. Comments are not displayed in the browser, and they are only used by web developers.

  • Comment syntax: Comments in CSS start with /* and end with */. For example, the following comment would be ignored by the browser:

/* This is a comment. */

Here are some of the most common CSS tags and their usage:

• font-size: This property sets the size of the font.
• color: This property sets the color of the text.
• background-color: This property sets the background color of the element.
• margin: This property sets the space around the element.
• padding: This property sets the space inside the element.
• border: This property sets the border around the element.
• display: This property sets the way that the element is displayed.
• float: This property sets the element to float to the left or right of the page.
• clear: This property clears the float of the element.

CSS5

CSS5 introduces a number of new features and new tags. Here are some of the most notable ones:

• Flexbox: Flexbox is a new layout system that allows you to easily create responsive layouts.
• Grid: Grid is another new layout system that allows you to create complex layouts with ease.
• Multi-column layout: CSS5 introduces support for multi-column layouts, which allows you to create layouts with multiple columns of text or images.
• Color functions: CSS5 introduces a number of new color functions, which allow you to create more complex and nuanced colors.
• Image gradients: CSS5 introduces support for image gradients, which allow you to create smooth transitions between colors.
• Audio and video: CSS5 introduces support for audio and video, which allows you to embed audio and video files in your web pages.
• Custom properties: CSS5 introduces custom properties, which allow you to create custom properties that can be used throughout your CSS code.
• Variable fonts: CSS5 introduces support for variable fonts, which allow you to create fonts that can be scaled to different sizes without losing quality.

Here are some of the new tags introduced in CSS5:

• <picture>: The <picture> tag allows you to specify multiple images for different screen sizes.
• <video>: The <video> tag allows you to embed a video file in your web page.
• <audio>: The <audio> tag allows you to embed an audio file in your web page.

Example

Here are some examples of CSS code:

p {
  font-size: 16px;
  color: red;
}

.my-class {
  background-color: blue;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 20px;
}

#my-id {
  border: 1px solid black;
  display: block;
  float: left;
}

The first example sets the font size of all paragraphs to 16px and the color to red. The second example sets the background color of all elements with the my-class class attribute to blue, and it sets the margin and padding of these elements to 10px and 20px, respectively. The third example sets the border of the element with the my-id id attribute to 1px solid black, and it sets the display property to block, which means that the element will be displayed as a block element. It also sets the float property to left, which means that the element will float to the left of the page.

To use CSS in HTML, you need to link to a CSS file or embed the CSS code in your HTML file.

To link to a CSS file, you can use the <link> tag. The href attribute of the <link> tag specifies the URL of the CSS file. For example, the following code links to a CSS file named style.css:

<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

To embed CSS code in your HTML file, you can use the <style> tag. The <style> tag contains the CSS code. For example, the following code embeds CSS code in an HTML file:

<style>
  p {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: red;
  }
</style>

Once you have linked to or embedded a CSS file, you can use the CSS properties to style your HTML elements. For example, the following code uses the CSS property font-size to set the font size of all paragraphs to 16px:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

The CSS property font-size takes a numeric value as its value. In this case, the value is 16px. This means that the font size of all paragraphs will be set to 16 pixels.

You can also use CSS to style other aspects of your HTML elements, such as the color, background color, margin, and padding.

Compare

CSS5 was invented to address the limitations of CSS and to provide a more modern and powerful style sheet language. Some of the key limitations of CSS that CSS5 addressed include:

• Lack of support for new web technologies: As new web technologies emerged, such as flexbox and grid, CSS was not able to keep up. This meant that developers had to use other technologies, such as JavaScript, to implement these new features.
• Lack of support for responsive design: Responsive design is a way of designing web pages that adapt to different screen sizes. CSS5 introduced a number of new features that make it easier to create responsive web pages.
• Lack of support for custom properties: Custom properties allow developers to create custom properties that can be used throughout their CSS code. This can make CSS code more concise and easier to maintain.

CSS5 also introduces a number of new features that make it easier to create complex and beautiful web pages. These features include:

• Flexbox: Flexbox is a new layout system that allows you to easily create responsive layouts.
• Grid: Grid is another new layout system that allows you to create complex layouts with ease.
• Multi-column layout: CSS5 introduces support for multi-column layouts, which allows you to create layouts with multiple columns of text or images.
• Color functions: CSS5 introduces a number of new color functions, which allow you to create more complex and nuanced colors.
• Image gradients: CSS5 introduces support for image gradients, which allow you to create smooth transitions between colors.
• Audio and video: CSS5 introduces support for audio and video, which allows you to embed audio and video files in your web pages.

Overall, CSS5 is a more powerful and versatile style sheet language than CSS. It includes a number of new features and improvements that can be used to create more dynamic and interactive web pages.